Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System consists of three interrelated components and they are:
Blood, The Heart and the Blood Vessels
Blood
Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of a liquid matrix called plasma and cells.
Blood transports various substances, helps regulates several life processes, and affords protection
against disease.
Blood Plasma is the Liquid part of the matrix constituting the remaining 55% of the Blood.
BLOOD VESSELS
The blood vessels are the channels through which blood is distributed to the body tissues. The vessels
Makes up two closed systems –pulmonary vessels (transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungsa and back to the left atrium) and systemic vessels (carries blood from the left ventricle to the tissues in all parts of the body and then returns the blood to the right atrium.
What are the different types of blood vessels?
There are three types of blood vessels
a) Arteries- Vessels which carries blood away from the heart.
They carry oxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary artery. Arteries are further subdivided
into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further subdivide into hairy thin capillaries at the cellularl level Arterioles play a key role in regulating blood flow into the tissue capillaries.
b)Veins- Vessels which carry blood towards the heart.
They carry deoxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary vein. Veins are further subdivided into
smaller vessels called venules.
c) Capillaries- these are the smallest blood vessels and many are not visible through naked Eyes.
Exchange of O2, CO2, hormones, enzymes, ions, glucose, etc with the cells, all takes place through the Capillaries
What is Heart?
The heart is the pump that circulates the blood through an estimated 100,000 km (60,000 mi) of blood
vessels. It beats about 100,000 times every day (which adds up to 35million beats/year), pumping
around 2000 gallons (7571 ltrs) of blood.
The study of the normal heart and the diseases associated with it is termed as CARDIOLOGY.
The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in the heart.
The human heart is the size and the shape of a man’s closed fist.
The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that is layered with parietal layers of serous membrane.
The visceral layer of the serous membrane forms the epicardium
What are the different valves of the heart?
Heart has 4 valves present to regulate the blood flow. The valves between atria and ventricles are atrioventricular valves (or cuspid valves).
They are of 2 types
a) Tricuspid Valve- Situated between right atrium and right ventricle
b) Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)- Situated between left atrium and left ventricle.
And the valves that are at the base of the ventricles are called as semilunar valves
They are of 2 types –
Pulmonary Valve- Situated between right ventricle and beginning of pulmonary artery.
Aortic Valve- Situated between left ventricle and the aorta.
WHAT ARE THE Major vessels involved in blood circulation of heart?
Superior Vena Cava- Veins from the head and upper body drain the deoxygenated blood into the
superior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava- Veins from the legs and lower torso drain the deoxygenated blood into the inferior
vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.
a) Aorta- Is the largest blood vessel in the body. It carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the various parts of the body.
b) Pulmonary Artery- It is the vessel transporting oxygen rich blood from the heart to the lungs.
What are the different layers of the Heart?
THE HEART IS COVERED BY A LOOSE SAC LIKE COVER (LIKE A PILLOW COVER) CALLED “PERICARDIUM”
The heart is composed of 3 layers:
Epicardium-It is the outermost layer and covers the heart.
Myocardium-this is the thickest layer of the heart and consists of special muscle fibres called the cardiac
muscles, which possess the property of auto-rhythmic contraction and relaxation.
Endocardium- this forms a smooth inner surface to allow blood to flow easily through the heart’s
chambers.
The Cardiovascular System consists of three interrelated components and they are:
Blood, The Heart and the Blood Vessels
Blood
Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of a liquid matrix called plasma and cells.
Blood transports various substances, helps regulates several life processes, and affords protection
against disease.
Blood Plasma is the Liquid part of the matrix constituting the remaining 55% of the Blood.
BLOOD VESSELS
The blood vessels are the channels through which blood is distributed to the body tissues. The vessels
Makes up two closed systems –pulmonary vessels (transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungsa and back to the left atrium) and systemic vessels (carries blood from the left ventricle to the tissues in all parts of the body and then returns the blood to the right atrium.
What are the different types of blood vessels?
There are three types of blood vessels
a) Arteries- Vessels which carries blood away from the heart.
They carry oxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary artery. Arteries are further subdivided
into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further subdivide into hairy thin capillaries at the cellularl level Arterioles play a key role in regulating blood flow into the tissue capillaries.
b)Veins- Vessels which carry blood towards the heart.
They carry deoxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary vein. Veins are further subdivided into
smaller vessels called venules.
c) Capillaries- these are the smallest blood vessels and many are not visible through naked Eyes.
Exchange of O2, CO2, hormones, enzymes, ions, glucose, etc with the cells, all takes place through the Capillaries
What is Heart?
The heart is the pump that circulates the blood through an estimated 100,000 km (60,000 mi) of blood
vessels. It beats about 100,000 times every day (which adds up to 35million beats/year), pumping
around 2000 gallons (7571 ltrs) of blood.
The study of the normal heart and the diseases associated with it is termed as CARDIOLOGY.
The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in the heart.
The human heart is the size and the shape of a man’s closed fist.
The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that is layered with parietal layers of serous membrane.
The visceral layer of the serous membrane forms the epicardium
What are the different valves of the heart?
Heart has 4 valves present to regulate the blood flow. The valves between atria and ventricles are atrioventricular valves (or cuspid valves).
They are of 2 types
a) Tricuspid Valve- Situated between right atrium and right ventricle
b) Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)- Situated between left atrium and left ventricle.
And the valves that are at the base of the ventricles are called as semilunar valves
They are of 2 types –
Pulmonary Valve- Situated between right ventricle and beginning of pulmonary artery.
Aortic Valve- Situated between left ventricle and the aorta.
WHAT ARE THE Major vessels involved in blood circulation of heart?
Superior Vena Cava- Veins from the head and upper body drain the deoxygenated blood into the
superior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava- Veins from the legs and lower torso drain the deoxygenated blood into the inferior
vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.
a) Aorta- Is the largest blood vessel in the body. It carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the various parts of the body.
b) Pulmonary Artery- It is the vessel transporting oxygen rich blood from the heart to the lungs.
What are the different layers of the Heart?
THE HEART IS COVERED BY A LOOSE SAC LIKE COVER (LIKE A PILLOW COVER) CALLED “PERICARDIUM”
The heart is composed of 3 layers:
Epicardium-It is the outermost layer and covers the heart.
Myocardium-this is the thickest layer of the heart and consists of special muscle fibres called the cardiac
muscles, which possess the property of auto-rhythmic contraction and relaxation.
Endocardium- this forms a smooth inner surface to allow blood to flow easily through the heart’s
chambers.
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